1. The source-filter theory says that vowel category is solely determined by
the source, not the filter.
True
False
2. The first two formants of the vowel tract are critical for vowel perception.
True
False
3. Lip rounding raises all formants.
True
False
4. A uniform closed-open tube has formant frequencies that are odd integer
multiples (1, 3, 5...) of the lowest resonant frequency.
True
False
5. Frontal constriction of the vocal tract (such as occurs in "ee") lowers
the first formant and raises the second formant.
True
False
6. All formant frequencies increase uniformly as the length of the vocal
tract increases.
True
False
7. A filter selectively transmits or rejects the frequencies of a complex
waveform.
True
False
8. A formant is a resonance of the vocal tract.
True
False
9. The sound source in source-filter theory consists of the glottal airflow,
which does not vary with time.
True
False
10. Physiologically, the singers' formant (vocal ring) is believed to originate
in a small resonating tube within the larger vocal tract tube.
True
False
~ National Center for Voice and Speech, www.ncvs.org
